Thyroid Dysfunction: Symptoms, Root Causes, and Treatments

The thyroid is a small gland, but it has a big impact on your health. It produces hormones that regulate essential bodily functions, including metabolism, energy levels, and mood. When the thyroid is not functioning properly, it can lead to conditions such as hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, each with its own set of symptoms and challenges. Understanding thyroid dysfunction is crucial for identifying root causes and implementing effective treatments. In this post, we will explore what the thyroid does, the symptoms of dysfunction (or suboptimal function), the importance of proper testing, and lifestyle strategies to support optimal thyroid health. Whether you are experiencing symptoms or seeking preventive care, this guide will provide valuable insights into managing thyroid health.

What is the Thyroid?

The thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the front of your neck, just below the Adam’s apple. It plays a big role in your overall health.

• The thyroid makes hormones that control how your body uses energy.
• These hormones help regulate your metabolism—how fast or slow your body works.
• The thyroid also affects important functions like:
  • Heart rate
  • Breathing
  • Muscle strength
  • Body temperature
  • Weight control
  • Mood

Even though it’s small, the thyroid has a huge impact on many parts of the body. When it doesn’t work right, you can experience a wide range of symptoms.

What Does the Thyroid Do?

The thyroid is responsible for making hormones that help your body function properly. These hormones play a big role in many processes, especially your metabolism—how your body turns food into energy.

Here’s how the thyroid works:

• Produces hormones:
  • The thyroid makes two main hormones: T3 (triiodothyronine) and T4 (thyroxine).
  • These hormones control the speed of your metabolism, affecting how your body uses energy.
• Regulates metabolism:
  • The thyroid determines how fast or slow your body burns calories.
  • It influences whether you gain weight, lose weight, or maintain your weight.
• Controls vital body functions:
  • Your thyroid affects many key functions in the body, including:
    • Heart rate: It controls how fast or slow your heart beats.
    • Body temperature: It helps regulate how warm or cool your body feels.
    • Digestion: It plays a role in how quickly food moves through your digestive system.
    • Muscle and bone health: The thyroid supports muscle strength and bone growth.
    • Mood and energy levels: Thyroid hormones also impact how energetic and balanced you feel.

The thyroid’s job is to keep these processes working smoothly. But when the thyroid doesn’t produce the right amount of hormones, you can experience health problems that affect your whole body.

Hypothyroidism

Hypothyroidism happens when your thyroid doesn’t make enough thyroid hormones. This condition slows down(“hypo”) many of the body’s functions, including your metabolism.

What is Hypothyroidism?

• When the thyroid doesn’t produce enough T3 and T4 hormones, the body’s processes slow down.
• It’s like your body is running in slow motion, affecting everything from energy levels to digestion.

Symptoms of Hypothyroidism

Hypothyroidism can cause a wide range of symptoms. Some people may only have a few, while others might experience many.

Common symptoms include:

• Fatigue: Feeling tired all the time, even after a full night’s sleep.
• Weight gain: Unexplained weight gain or difficulty losing weight, even with diet and exercise.
• Cold sensitivity: Feeling cold when others are comfortable or feeling chilly more often than usual.
• Dry skin, nails, and hair: Skin may become dry, and hair/nails become thin or more brittle.
• Muscle weakness or aches: You might feel weak, experience cramps, or have general muscle pain.
• Constipation: Digestive processes slow down, leading to constipation.
• Depression or low mood: Feeling down or more anxious than usual.
• Slow heart rate: Your heart might beat more slowly than it normally does.
• Memory problems or brain fog: It can become harder to think clearly or remember things.

Hypothyroidism often develops slowly, so symptoms may be easy to miss at first. But over time, untreated hypothyroidism can impact your quality of life.

Hyperthyroidism

Hyperthyroidism happens when your thyroid makes too many hormones. This speeds up many of your body’s functions, including your metabolism.

What is Hyperthyroidism?

• In hyperthyroidism, the thyroid produces too much T3 and T4 hormones.
• This causes your body to work in overdrive, speeding up processes like heart rate and digestion.

Symptoms of Hyperthyroidism

Hyperthyroidism affects various parts of the body, often making you feel like everything is happening too fast.

Common symptoms include:

• Weight loss: Even if you’re eating the same amount, you may lose weight unintentionally.
• Increased heart rate: Your heart might race or feel like it’s pounding, even when resting.
• Nervousness or anxiety: Feeling jittery, anxious, or easily irritated is common.
• Excessive sweating: Sweating more than usual, even when you’re not exerting yourself.
• Heat sensitivity: Feeling too warm or uncomfortable in temperatures that others find normal.
• Shaky hands: You may notice your hands trembling, especially during activities.
• Trouble sleeping: It might be hard to fall asleep or stay asleep due to an overactive system.
• Frequent bowel movements: Your digestion speeds up, sometimes causing diarrhea or more frequent bowel movements.
• Muscle weakness: You might feel weak or notice that your muscles tire easily.

Hyperthyroidism can cause symptoms to appear suddenly or gradually over time. If left untreated, it can lead to serious health problems like heart issues or bone loss.

Standard Thyroid Testing

When checking for thyroid issues, most doctors rely on standard thyroid tests. These tests measure certain hormone levels in your blood to see if your thyroid is working properly.

Common Standard Tests

• TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone): This is the most common test. It measures how much TSH your pituitary gland is making. High TSH usually means hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid), while low TSH suggests hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid).
• T4 (Thyroxine): Some doctors may also check your T4 levels, which shows how much of this particular thyroid hormone is available in your body.

Limitations of Standard Testing

While standard tests can catch some thyroid problems, they often miss the full picture.

• TSH only tells part of the story: Measuring TSH alone doesn’t give a complete picture of your thyroid hormone levels or how available they are to get to work in your body.
• No look at T3: Standard tests usually skip measuring T3 (triiodothyronine), which is the more active thyroid hormone.
• Ranges may be too broad: Standard testing often uses wide “normal” ranges. You could still have thyroid symptoms, even if your results fall within these ranges. 
• Ignores root causes: Standard testing doesn’t look for autoimmune issues, inflammation, or nutrient deficiencies that can affect thyroid function.

For many people, standard thyroid tests don’t go deep enough to find the root cause of their symptoms. I’ve seen patients who suffered for years with unrecognized thyroid imbalance because a full lab picture of thyroid function was never obtained. That’s where specialized functional medicine testing can make a difference.

Specialized Functional Medicine Thyroid Testing

Functional medicine goes beyond standard thyroid testing to get a clearer, more complete picture of your thyroid health. Instead of just looking at TSH, functional medicine testing explores deeper layers of thyroid function and related health factors.

What Does Functional Medicine Thyroid Testing Include?

• Full Thyroid Panel: Functional medicine looks at more than just TSH. A complete thyroid panel includes:
  • TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone): Measures how well your thyroid responds to signals from your brain.
  • Total T3 and Total T4: T4 is produced by the thyroid and converted to (more active) T3 in peripheral tissues, liver, and kidneys. We want to assess your body’s ability not only to make T4, but covert it to T3.  
  • Free T3 and Free T4: These are the unbound thyroid hormones that impact your metabolism and energy levels. Hormones can be bound to proteins, rendering them unable to dock a receptor sites, therefore unable to exert an effect. Free thyroid hormone levels tell us the amount of thyroid hormone that is available to have the desired effect.
  • Reverse T3: When T4 converts to T3, under certain circumstances (like stress, and selenium or iodine deficiency), it could also be converted to reverse T3. Reverse T3 doesn’t have the same effect as free T3, so we want to make sure that the correct proportion is in fact being converted from T4 to T3, but not as much to Reverse T3.
• Thyroid Antibodies: Functional testing checks for autoimmune conditions like Hashimoto’s thyroiditis or Graves’ disease by looking for antibodies that attack the thyroid:
  • Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies (TPOAb)
  • Thyroglobulin Antibodies (TgAb)
• Nutrient Levels: Thyroid health can be affected by nutrient deficiencies. Functional medicine testing may include checking levels of:
  • Iodine: Essential for thyroid hormone production.
  • Selenium: Helps convert T4 into the active T3 hormone.
  • Zinc and Vitamin D: Important for thyroid function and immune health.
• Adrenal and Cortisol Testing: The thyroid and adrenal glands work closely together. Chronic stress can lead to adrenal fatigue, which can affect thyroid function.

Why Is This Testing Important?

• Gets to the root cause: Functional medicine testing goes deeper, helping to identify underlying causes of thyroid dysfunction, such as autoimmune conditions, inflammation, or hormone imbalances.
• Personalized treatment: A more comprehensive understanding of your thyroid health allows for customized treatment plans based on your specific needs. 

By looking at the whole picture, functional medicine testing provides the information needed to address thyroid issues at their root, leading to better outcomes.

Thyroid Levels: Standard or Optimal?

When it comes to thyroid health, there’s a difference between “standard” and “optimal” levels. Standard levels might be enough to catch extreme thyroid problems, but they don’t always reflect how well your thyroid is truly functioning or how you feel.

Standard Thyroid Levels

• Standard ranges are based on averages from the general population.
• These ranges are often wide, which means you could be within the “normal” range but still feel tired, sluggish, or unwell.
• For example:
  • You might have normal TSH levels but still experience symptoms of hypothyroidism.
  • Or your T4 could be normal, but if your T3 is low, you may still have trouble with energy and metabolism.
• A question I often ask my patients to drive this point home is: “is your goal to be as healthy as the average American?” Usually their answer is a resounding, “No! I want to be much healthier than that!” That’s where the comprehensive functional medicine approach shines!

Optimal Thyroid Levels

• Optimal levels are narrower and aim for where your body functions at its best, not just within a broad “normal” range.
• Functional medicine focuses on how you feel, not just your lab results.
• By targeting optimal ranges, functional medicine practitioners look for signs that your thyroid is underactive or overactive before it causes major issues.

Why Aim for Optimal Thyroid Levels?

• Better symptom relief: When your thyroid levels are optimized, you’re more likely to experience relief from symptoms like fatigue, weight gain, or mood changes.
• Prevents further decline: Catching thyroid issues early can prevent worsening symptoms or more serious thyroid conditions from developing.
• Customized treatment: Focusing on optimal levels allows for more personalized care, so treatment can be adjusted based on your specific needs.

Standard testing might say your thyroid is “fine,” but functional medicine looks at whether your thyroid is working at its best, helping you feel your best, too.

Nutrients Necessary for Thyroid Function

Your thyroid needs certain nutrients to produce hormones and keep your body functioning properly. Without enough of these nutrients, your thyroid can’t do its job, which can lead to imbalances and symptoms like fatigue, weight gain, and mood changes.

Key Nutrients for Thyroid Health

• Selenium:
  • Selenium helps your body convert T4 (the inactive thyroid hormone) into T3 (the active form your body uses).
  • It also protects the thyroid from oxidative stress, which can damage the gland over time.
  • Foods rich in selenium include Brazil nuts, tuna, and eggs.
  • More isn’t necessarily better with selenium – this is one nutrient that can cause toxicity if taken in excess. Eating 1-2 Brazil nuts per day typically provides plenty of selenium. 
• Iodine:
  • Iodine is essential for making thyroid hormones. Without enough iodine, the thyroid can’t produce T3 and T4.
  • Too little iodine can lead to goiter or hypothyroidism, while too much can disrupt thyroid function as well.
  • Good sources of iodine include seaweed, fish, and high-quality mineral supplementation. The iodine in iodized salt is not the ideal iodine for our bodies. 
• Protein:
  • Protein provides the building blocks (amino acids) for many processes in the body, including hormone production.
  • Sufficient protein intake helps ensure that your body can produce and transport thyroid hormones effectively.
  • Animal proteins like fish, chicken, and beef, as well as plant-based sources like beans and lentils, are important for thyroid health. Avoid processed meat alternatives. 
• Zinc:
  • Zinc supports the thyroid by helping your body produce TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone), which signals the thyroid to make hormones.
  • It’s also important for a healthy immune system, which can help prevent autoimmune thyroid conditions.
  • Zinc can be found in oysters, beef, root vegetables, and pumpkin seeds.
• Vitamin D:
  • Low levels of vitamin D are linked to thyroid problems, especially autoimmune conditions like Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.
  • Vitamin D supports the immune system and helps reduce inflammation, which can protect thyroid health.
  • Your body makes vitamin D from sunlight, but most people need supplemental vitamin D, even though some foods have low levels of Vitamin D (like fatty fish, egg yolks, and mushrooms). 

The Value of NutrEval Testing

To ensure your thyroid is getting the nutrients it needs, functional medicine often uses NutrEval testing (the name is a portmanteau of “nutritional” and “evaluation”). This comprehensive test checks for nutrient deficiencies and imbalances that can affect thyroid function (and much, much more!). Here’s why NutrEval testing is helpful:

• Identifies specific nutrient gaps: It measures levels of key nutrients, including selenium, iodine, protein, zinc, vitamin D, antioxidants, and amino acids, to see if you have enough to support thyroid health.
• Assesses methylation status and genetics:  methylation is a process that happens in every one of our cells every second to ensure proper functioning cells – including thyroid cells. If you’re not methylating well, there are endless things that go awry, one of those is thyroid function.  
• Personalized results: NutrEval testing provides a detailed look at your nutrient status, allowing for customized recommendations on diet and supplements.
• Prevents over- or under-supplementation: It helps you avoid taking too much or too little of certain nutrients, which is especially important for iodine and selenium, as too much can also cause thyroid problems, especially if you’re dealing with an autoimmune thyroid condition.

By understanding your nutrient levels through testing, you can take steps to improve your thyroid function and overall health.

The Value of Comprehensive GI (Stool) Testing

Did you know that an imbalanced or unhealthy gut can be a major cause or contributor to various symptoms and illnesses, including thyroid conditions? Problems like increased intestinal permeability are linked to a higher risk of autoimmune conditions (like Hashimoto’s), food sensitivities, SIBO, and more. That’s why one of the ways we address thyroid conditions is by checking for and treating any gut imbalances. Comprehensive stool testing goes beyond typical ova and parasite tests and can reveal:

• Beneficial bacteria levels
• Harmful bacteria, viruses, parasites, and worms
• Digestive health markers like zonulin, pancreatic elastase, sIgA, anti-Gliadin IgA, and calprotectin

Treatments for Thyroid Dysfunction

Treating thyroid dysfunction isn’t just about managing symptoms—it’s about addressing the root causes. The most common underlying issues are nutrient deficiencies and autoimmune conditions like Hashimoto’s thyroiditis or Graves’ disease. By understanding and treating these causes, you can restore thyroid balance and improve your overall health.

Treating Hypothyroidism

Hypothyroidism, or an underactive thyroid, is often linked to nutrient deficiencies and autoimmune conditions like Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Treatments focus on giving your thyroid the support it needs to produce enough hormones.

• Address Nutrient Deficiencies:
  • Nutrients like selenium, iodine, zinc, and vitamin D are critical for thyroid function. If testing shows a deficiency, you can adjust your diet or take supplements to correct it.
  • Adding more protein can also help with hormone production and balance.
• Support the Immune System:
  • If your hypothyroidism is caused by an autoimmune condition, reducing inflammation is key. This might involve:
    • Anti-inflammatory diets (e.g., reducing processed foods and sugar).
    • Supplements like fish oil or turmeric to reduce inflammation and support immune health.
    • Sophisticate and targeted therapies like low-dose naltrexone (LDN), ozone, and thymosin alpha-1 (TA-1, a peptide) to modulate immune function. 
• Thyroid Hormone Replacement:
  • If your thyroid can’t produce enough hormones on its own, thyroid hormone replacement may be needed (and will make you feel SO much better!).
  • Synthetic T4 (levothyroxine aka Synthroid) is commonly prescribed, but some people feel better with a combination of T4 and T3 (liothyronine aka Cytomel). One problem I encounter with Synthroid is that is can contain gluten, which isn’t ideal especially for those with autoimmune conditions including Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. 
  • Glandular products like Armor, Westhroid, NP Throid, NatureThroid, WP thyroid are common brand names for a pharmaceutical T4/T3 combination. Giving both T4 and T3 is often most helpful to patients instead of giving plain T4 (Synthroid, levothyroxine) and assuming they will convert to T3, which of course doesn’t always happen. 
  • Compounding pharmacies can create individualized doses of thyroid hormones, especially for patients who need a customized balance of T4 and T3 or have sensitivities to fillers in standard medications. It also enables me to adjust thyroid doses much more finely since many patients don’t fit into a box of standard dosing options. 

Treating Hyperthyroidism

Hyperthyroidism, or an overactive thyroid, often stems from autoimmune conditions like Graves’ disease, where the immune system attacks the thyroid, causing it to overproduce hormones.

• Nutrient Balance:
  • Hyperthyroidism can lead to nutrient depletion, especially of calcium and vitamin D, which are needed for bone health. Ensuring these nutrients are at optimal levels is important for overall health.
  • Reducing iodine intake can sometimes help slow down hormone production, but this should be done carefully under a licensed medical provider’s supervision.
• Immune System Modulation:
  • For autoimmune hyperthyroidism, treatments may involve calming the immune response to stop it from overstimulating the thyroid.
  • Anti-inflammatory diets and supplements (like selenium) may help reduce thyroid overactivity and inflammation.
• Medications for Hyperthyroidism:
  • Medications like beta-blockers can help manage symptoms like a fast heart rate, but they don’t address the thyroid itself.
  • Antithyroid drugs (like methimazole) can slow down thyroid hormone production. These are sometimes necessary for severe cases.
  • Hyperthyroidism can be dangerous, and is not something to mess around with – sometimes it is truly necessary to take a medication to treat it, while also looking for and treating root causes. 

When Are Prescriptions Necessary?

• Hypothyroidism: When thyroid hormone levels are significantly low, hormone replacement therapy (like levothyroxine or a T4/T3 combination) is often needed to restore balance. Functional medicine often favors glandular prescriptions or prescriptions from compounding pharmacies to ensure each patient gets the right balance of thyroid hormone ratios and doses.
• Hyperthyroidism: When natural and dietary approaches aren’t enough to control hyperthyroidism, antithyroid medications may be necessary. In some cases, radioactive iodine therapy or surgery might be recommended to reduce thyroid hormone production.

A Root-Cause Approach

Rather than just treating symptoms, functional medicine looks at the whole picture of thyroid health. Whether addressing nutrient deficiencies or calming an overactive immune system, the goal is to support the thyroid’s natural balance, aiming for long-term wellness.

Lifestyle Strategies to Optimize Thyroid Function

Supporting your thyroid isn’t just about medications or supplements—it’s also about making healthy lifestyle choices. By adopting habits that reduce stress, support your immune system, and provide your thyroid with the nutrients it needs, you can help keep your thyroid functioning at its best.

1. Eat a Nutrient-Dense Diet

• Focus on whole foods rich in vitamins and minerals that support thyroid health.
  • Protein: Helps with hormone production. Include animal proteins like fish, chicken, and beef, or plant-based options like beans and lentils.
  • Selenium: Found in Brazil nuts, tuna, and eggs, selenium is essential for converting T4 to T3.
  • Iodine: Make sure to get enough iodine from foods like seaweed, fish, and iodized salt, but not too much, as excessive iodine can also disrupt thyroid function.
  • Zinc and Vitamin D: Zinc supports thyroid hormone production, while vitamin D helps immune function. Good sources include beef, pumpkin seeds, fatty fish, and egg yolks.

2. Reduce Stress

Chronic stress can interfere with thyroid function by increasing cortisol levels, which can disrupt hormone production.

• Practice stress management techniques like:
  • Meditation or deep breathing exercises.
  • Yoga or other forms of gentle movement.
  • Adequate rest and sleep, aiming for 7-9 hours a night to allow your body to recover.
  • Moderate Exercise – moving your body while not over-doing it.   

3. Avoid Toxins That Harm the Thyroid

Certain chemicals in the environment can interfere with thyroid function and hormone production.

• Limit exposure to:
  • Pesticides and herbicides by choosing organic produce when possible.
  • Plastic containers, which can contain hormone-disrupting chemicals like BPA. Opt for glass or stainless steel instead.
  • Household cleaners with harsh chemicals. Look for natural, non-toxic alternatives.

4. Balance Blood Sugar

Blood sugar imbalances can worsen thyroid symptoms and lead to further hormone disruption.

• Eat balanced meals with protein, healthy fats, and fiber to prevent blood sugar spikes.
• Avoid processed foods and sugary snacks that can cause rapid fluctuations in blood sugar levels.
• Avoid alcohol – it’s a toxin and negatively affects your body and brain

5. Exercise Regularly

Regular physical activity can help improve thyroid function, boost metabolism, and reduce stress.

• Focus on:
  • Low-impact exercises like walking, swimming, or yoga, especially if you’re dealing with hypothyroidism, as intense exercise can sometimes strain the thyroid.
  • Strength training to help build muscle and support a healthy metabolism.

6. Support Gut Health

A healthy gut is key to proper thyroid function, as it helps your body absorb nutrients and maintain a balanced immune system.

• Include fiber-rich foods like vegetables and fruits to support digestion.
• Consider adding probiotics through fermented foods like sauerkraut or yogurt, or through supplements, to maintain healthy gut bacteria. Ideally, stool testing and resultant targeted probiotic recommendations are best.

7. Get Regular Thyroid Checkups

Keep track of how your thyroid is functioning by getting regular checkups with your healthcare provider.

• Work with your functional medicine practitioner to monitor both standard and optimal thyroid levels.
• Address any imbalances early on to prevent worsening symptoms.

By making these lifestyle changes, you can optimize your thyroid function naturally and improve your overall health. Small steps like improving your diet, managing stress, and avoiding toxins can make a big difference in supporting a healthy thyroid.

Follow-Up Care and Monitoring

To maintain optimal thyroid function, regular follow-up care and monitoring are essential. This proactive approach helps ensure that your thyroid hormone levels are balanced and that you’re feeling your best. Here’s what you need to know about follow-up care:

1. Regular Testing

• Routine Blood Tests: Schedule regular thyroid blood tests to monitor your hormone levels. This can help detect any changes early and guide treatment adjustments.
  • Typical tests include:
    • TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone): Indicates how well the thyroid is functioning.
    • Total and Free T4 and T3: Measure the total and active thyroid hormones.
    • Reverse T3: determine how much of your T4 is being converted to active vs. inactive forms of T3.
    • Thyroid Antibodies: Help identify autoimmune conditions like Hashimoto’s or Graves’ disease.
• Functional Medicine Testing: In addition to standard tests, consider specialized functional medicine testing for a more comprehensive view of your thyroid (and overall) health. This can help identify nutrient deficiencies and other factors affecting thyroid function.

2. Discussion of Symptoms

• Keep a Symptom Journal: Track any symptoms you experience, including changes in energy levels, mood, weight, and sleep patterns. Learn to pay attention to the signals your body is giving you. This information can provide valuable insights for you and your healthcare provider. 
• Open Communication: Regularly discuss your symptoms with your healthcare provider. Share any new symptoms or changes in your condition to ensure that your treatment plan remains effective.
• Adjusting Treatment: If you notice changes in your symptoms or test results, your treatment plan may need to be adjusted. This might include changes in medication dosages, dietary recommendations, or additional supplements.

3. Monitor Lifestyle Factors

• Keep an eye on how lifestyle choices impact your thyroid health. Regularly assess your diet, stress levels, sleep quality, and exercise habits.
• Be open to modifying your routine based on your healthcare provider’s recommendations and your own observations.

4. Personalized Follow-Up Plans

• Work with your healthcare provider to create a personalized follow-up care plan. This should include:
  • Testing frequency: How often you need blood tests (e.g., every 1-6 months, depending on the stability of your condition). Often as thyroid levels become normalized, testing can be spread out.
  • Check-in appointments: Regular visits to discuss your health and treatment progress.
  • Support and education: Resources to help you understand thyroid health and manage your condition effectively.

5. Be Proactive

• Don’t wait for symptoms to worsen before seeking help. If you have concerns about your thyroid function or feel that something isn’t right, reach out to your healthcare provider sooner rather than later.

By prioritizing follow-up care and monitoring, you can ensure that your thyroid functions optimally. This ongoing support is vital for maintaining your overall health and well-being.

Nourish House Calls provides Functional and Regenerative Medicine services to patients in Illinois, Florida, Arizona, Pennsylvania, Texas, Oregon, New Hampshire, and Vermont. In-person house calls are available in Hinsdale, Clarendon Hills, Westmont, Downers Grove, Oak Brook, Oakbrook Terrace, La Grange, Western Springs, Burr Ridge, and surrounding areas. Telemedicine is available both inside and outside of Illinois, including Chicago, Miami, Sarasota, Tampa, Orlando, Jacksonville, Phoenix, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Dallas, Houston, and Portland.

If you would like to learn more about how Nourish House Calls can help you optimize your thyroid function, click here to schedule a free, 15-minute discovery call.